siloqy/prod/clean_arch/dita_v2/rust_backend.py

"""Rust-backed DITAv2 execution kernel.

This module keeps the Python API shape stable while moving the kernel state
machine into a Rust shared library. Slot views write through to the backend on
assignment, then the Python side mirrors the resulting state into Zinc and the
existing projections/journals.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

from dataclasses import asdict
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence
import ctypes
import json
import math
import os
import subprocess
import sys

from .account import AccountProjection
from .control import ControlPlane, ControlUpdate, KernelControlSnapshot, KernelVerbosity, build_control_plane
from .contracts import (
    KernelCommandType,
    KernelDiagnosticCode,
    KernelEventKind,
    KernelIntent,
    KernelOutcome,
    KernelSeverity,
    KernelTransition,
    TradeSide,
    TradeSlot,
    TradeStage,
    VenueEvent,
    VenueOrder,
    VenueOrderStatus,
    VenueEventStatus,
)
from .journal import KernelJournal, MemoryKernelJournal
from .mock_venue import MockVenueAdapter
from .projection import HazelcastProjection
from .projection import build_projection
from .utils import json_safe
from .venue import VenueAdapter
from .zinc_plane import InMemoryZincPlane, ZincPlane


def _repo_root() -> Path:
    return Path(__file__).resolve().parents[3]


# ── Rust FFI JSON encoding ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#
# All JSON that crosses the Python→Rust boundary via ctypes.c_char_p MUST be
# null-byte-free.  ctypes.c_char_p is a C null-terminated string: the first
# 0x00 byte silently terminates the string, so Rust's serde_json parser only
# sees a truncated payload → "premature end of input at column N".
#
# Root cause: json.dumps(..., ensure_ascii=False).encode("utf-8") can produce
# 0x00 bytes when any string value contains the Unicode null character U+0000
# (e.g. from BingX event IDs, venue order IDs, or metadata fields).
#
# Two-layer fix:
#   1. _json_null_clean() — strip null chars from all string values before JSON
#   2. ensure_ascii=True  — encode to ASCII; guarantees no 0x00 in output
#      (UTF-8 encodes U+0000 as 0x00; ASCII refuses non-ASCII entirely)
#
# Long-term path: change the Rust FFI to accept (ptr, len) pairs instead of
# null-terminated strings, removing the c_char_p truncation class entirely.
# That requires Rust changes; this fix is safe and sufficient until then.

def _json_null_clean(obj: Any) -> Any:
    """Recursively replace U+0000 null chars in string values with U+FFFD.

    Null chars are invisible in logs and repr() but produce 0x00 bytes in
    UTF-8 encoding that silently truncate ctypes c_char_p payloads.
    """
    if isinstance(obj, str):
        return obj.replace("\x00", "<EFBFBD>") if "\x00" in obj else obj
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        return {_json_null_clean(k): _json_null_clean(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
    if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
        return [_json_null_clean(v) for v in obj]
    return obj


def _to_rust_bytes(obj: Any) -> bytes:
    """Serialize *obj* to ASCII JSON bytes safe for ctypes.c_char_p.

    Never raises; any remaining null byte after sanitization is replaced and
    the anomaly is logged — so a future regression is visible immediately.
    """
    cleaned = _json_null_clean(json_safe(obj))
    encoded = json.dumps(cleaned, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=True).encode("ascii")
    if b"\x00" in encoded:
        import logging as _log
        _log.getLogger(__name__).error(
            "BUG: null byte in Rust-bound JSON after sanitization — replacing. "
            "Inspect _json_null_clean() for uncovered type."
        )
        encoded = encoded.replace(b"\x00", b"?")
    return encoded


def _crate_dir() -> Path:
    return Path(__file__).resolve().with_name("_rust_kernel")


def _library_path() -> Path:
    if sys.platform == "darwin":
        name = "libdita_v2_kernel.dylib"
    elif os.name == "nt":
        name = "dita_v2_kernel.dll"
    else:
        name = "libdita_v2_kernel.so"
    return _crate_dir() / "target" / "release" / name


def _build_library() -> None:
    crate_dir = _crate_dir()
    if not crate_dir.exists():
        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Missing Rust kernel crate: {crate_dir}")
    subprocess.run(
        ["cargo", "build", "--release", "--manifest-path", str(crate_dir / "Cargo.toml")],
        cwd=_repo_root(),
        check=True,
    )


def _ensure_library() -> Path:
    path = _library_path()
    if not path.exists():
        _build_library()
    return path


class _RustKernelLib:
    def __init__(self) -> None:
        path = _ensure_library()
        self.lib = ctypes.CDLL(str(path))
        self.lib.dita_kernel_create.argtypes = [ctypes.c_size_t]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_create.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
        self.lib.dita_kernel_destroy.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_destroy.restype = None
        self.lib.dita_kernel_free_string.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_free_string.restype = None
        self.lib.dita_kernel_get_slot_json.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_size_t]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_get_slot_json.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
        self.lib.dita_kernel_set_slot_json.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_char_p]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_set_slot_json.restype = ctypes.c_int
        self.lib.dita_kernel_process_intent_json.argtypes = [
            ctypes.c_void_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
        ]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_process_intent_json.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
        self.lib.dita_kernel_on_venue_event_json.argtypes = [
            ctypes.c_void_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
        ]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_on_venue_event_json.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
        self.lib.dita_kernel_reconcile_slots_json.argtypes = [
            ctypes.c_void_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
        ]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_reconcile_slots_json.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
        self.lib.dita_kernel_snapshot_json.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_snapshot_json.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
        self.lib.dita_kernel_set_seed_capital.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_double]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_set_seed_capital.restype = ctypes.c_int
        self.lib.dita_kernel_set_exchange_config_json.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_char_p]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_set_exchange_config_json.restype = ctypes.c_int
        self.lib.dita_kernel_calibrate_fee_json.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_char_p]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_calibrate_fee_json.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
        self.lib.dita_kernel_on_account_event_json.argtypes = [
            ctypes.c_void_p,
            ctypes.c_char_p,
        ]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_on_account_event_json.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
        self.lib.dita_kernel_save_state_json.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_save_state_json.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
        self.lib.dita_kernel_restore_state_json.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_char_p]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_restore_state_json.restype = ctypes.c_int
        self.lib.dita_kernel_is_capital_frozen.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p]
        self.lib.dita_kernel_is_capital_frozen.restype = ctypes.c_int

    def create(self, max_slots: int) -> ctypes.c_void_p:
        handle = self.lib.dita_kernel_create(ctypes.c_size_t(max_slots))
        if not handle:
            raise RuntimeError("dita_kernel_create failed")
        return ctypes.c_void_p(handle)

    def destroy(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p) -> None:
        if handle and handle.value:
            self.lib.dita_kernel_destroy(handle)

    def _take_string(self, raw: ctypes.c_void_p) -> str:
        if not raw:
            raise RuntimeError("Rust kernel returned null string")
        text = ctypes.cast(raw, ctypes.c_char_p).value
        if text is None:
            self.lib.dita_kernel_free_string(raw)
            raise RuntimeError("Rust kernel returned empty string")
        try:
            return text.decode("utf-8")
        finally:
            self.lib.dita_kernel_free_string(raw)

    def get_slot_json(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p, slot_id: int) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        raw = self.lib.dita_kernel_get_slot_json(handle, ctypes.c_size_t(slot_id))
        if not raw:
            raise IndexError(f"Invalid slot id: {slot_id}")
        return json.loads(self._take_string(raw))

    def set_slot_json(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p, slot_id: int, payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        _pb = _to_rust_bytes(payload)
        rc = self.lib.dita_kernel_set_slot_json(handle, ctypes.c_size_t(slot_id), ctypes.c_char_p(_pb))
        if rc != 0:
            raise RuntimeError(f"dita_kernel_set_slot_json failed rc={rc}")

    def process_intent(
        self,
        handle: ctypes.c_void_p,
        payload: Dict[str, Any],
        *,
        mode: str,
        verbosity: str,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # Keep local refs so CPython's ref-count doesn't free the bytes objects
        # before the Rust FFI call completes. ctypes.c_char_p stores a raw pointer
        # without incrementing the Python refcount; a temporary would be freed
        # after c_char_p() returns, giving Rust a dangling pointer.
        _pb = _to_rust_bytes(payload)
        _mb = mode.encode("ascii")
        _vb = verbosity.encode("ascii")
        raw = self.lib.dita_kernel_process_intent_json(
            handle,
            ctypes.c_char_p(_pb),
            ctypes.c_char_p(_mb),
            ctypes.c_char_p(_vb),
        )
        return json.loads(self._take_string(raw))

    def on_venue_event(
        self,
        handle: ctypes.c_void_p,
        payload: Dict[str, Any],
        *,
        mode: str,
        verbosity: str,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        _pb = _to_rust_bytes(payload)
        _mb = mode.encode("ascii")
        _vb = verbosity.encode("ascii")
        raw = self.lib.dita_kernel_on_venue_event_json(
            handle,
            ctypes.c_char_p(_pb),
            ctypes.c_char_p(_mb),
            ctypes.c_char_p(_vb),
        )
        return json.loads(self._take_string(raw))

    def reconcile_slots(
        self,
        handle: ctypes.c_void_p,
        payload: Sequence[Dict[str, Any]],
        *,
        mode: str,
        verbosity: str,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        _pb = _to_rust_bytes(list(payload))
        _mb = mode.encode("ascii")
        _vb = verbosity.encode("ascii")
        raw = self.lib.dita_kernel_reconcile_slots_json(
            handle,
            ctypes.c_char_p(_pb),
            ctypes.c_char_p(_mb),
            ctypes.c_char_p(_vb),
        )
        return json.loads(self._take_string(raw))

    def snapshot(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        raw = self.lib.dita_kernel_snapshot_json(handle)
        return json.loads(self._take_string(raw))

    def set_seed_capital(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p, seed: float) -> bool:
        rc = self.lib.dita_kernel_set_seed_capital(handle, ctypes.c_double(seed))
        return rc == 0

    def set_exchange_config(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> bool:
        encoded = _to_rust_bytes(config)
        rc = self.lib.dita_kernel_set_exchange_config_json(handle, ctypes.c_char_p(encoded))
        return rc == 0

    def calibrate_fee(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p, fill_price: float, fill_qty: float, actual_fee: float, is_maker: bool = False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        payload = _to_rust_bytes({"fill_price": fill_price, "fill_qty": fill_qty, "actual_fee": actual_fee, "is_maker": is_maker})
        raw = self.lib.dita_kernel_calibrate_fee_json(handle, ctypes.c_char_p(payload))
        if not raw:
            return {}
        return json.loads(self._take_string(raw))

    def on_account_event(
        self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p, event: Dict[str, Any]
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        _eb = _to_rust_bytes(event)
        raw = self.lib.dita_kernel_on_account_event_json(handle, ctypes.c_char_p(_eb))
        if not raw:
            return {}
        return json.loads(self._take_string(raw))

    def save_state(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p) -> str:
        """Serialise full kernel state (slots + account + fee calibration) to JSON."""
        raw = self.lib.dita_kernel_save_state_json(handle)
        if not raw:
            raise RuntimeError("dita_kernel_save_state_json returned NULL")
        return self._take_string(raw)

    def restore_state(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p, json_str: str) -> bool:
        """Restore kernel from a previously saved JSON blob. Returns True on success."""
        # json_str comes from Rust's save_state_json — re-encode via _to_rust_bytes so any
        # embedded null chars are sanitized rather than silently truncating the restore.
        encoded = _to_rust_bytes(json.loads(json_str))
        rc = self.lib.dita_kernel_restore_state_json(handle, ctypes.c_char_p(encoded))
        return rc == 0

    def is_capital_frozen(self, handle: ctypes.c_void_p) -> bool:
        """Return True if the kernel's capital is frozen (reconcile ERROR active)."""
        rc = self.lib.dita_kernel_is_capital_frozen(handle)
        return rc == 1


_RUST: _RustKernelLib | None = None  # lazy init — avoids Rust build on import


def _get_rust() -> _RustKernelLib:
    global _RUST
    if _RUST is None:
        _RUST = _RustKernelLib()
    return _RUST


def _safe_enum(enum_cls, raw: str, default):
    """H6: parse enum from FFI string without crashing on unknown variants."""
    try:
        return enum_cls(raw)
    except (ValueError, KeyError):
        return default


def _slot_to_payload(slot: TradeSlot) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    return slot.to_dict()


def _order_to_payload(order: Optional[VenueOrder]) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
    if order is None:
        return None
    return {
        "internal_trade_id": order.internal_trade_id,
        "venue_order_id": order.venue_order_id,
        "venue_client_id": order.venue_client_id,
        "side": order.side.value,
        "intended_size": float(order.intended_size or 0.0),
        "filled_size": float(order.filled_size or 0.0),
        "average_fill_price": float(order.average_fill_price or 0.0),
        "status": order.status.value,
        "metadata": dict(order.metadata),
    }


def _order_from_payload(payload: Optional[Dict[str, Any]], *, trade_id: str) -> Optional[VenueOrder]:
    if not isinstance(payload, dict):
        return None
    return VenueOrder(
        internal_trade_id=trade_id,
        venue_order_id=str(payload.get("venue_order_id", "")),
        venue_client_id=str(payload.get("venue_client_id", "")),
        side=TradeSide(str(payload.get("side", TradeSide.FLAT.value))),
        intended_size=float(payload.get("intended_size", 0.0)),
        filled_size=float(payload.get("filled_size", 0.0)),
        average_fill_price=float(payload.get("average_fill_price", 0.0)),
        status=VenueOrderStatus(str(payload.get("status", VenueOrderStatus.NEW.value))),
        metadata=dict(payload.get("metadata", {})),
    )


def _slot_from_payload(payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> TradeSlot:
    return TradeSlot(
        slot_id=int(payload.get("slot_id", 0)),
        trade_id=str(payload.get("trade_id", "")),
        asset=str(payload.get("asset", "")),
        side=TradeSide(str(payload.get("side", TradeSide.FLAT.value))),
        entry_price=float(payload.get("entry_price", 0.0)),
        size=float(payload.get("size", 0.0)),
        initial_size=float(payload.get("initial_size", 0.0)),
        leverage=float(payload.get("leverage", 0.0)),
        entry_time=datetime.fromisoformat(payload["entry_time"]) if payload.get("entry_time") else None,
        unrealized_pnl=float(payload.get("unrealized_pnl", 0.0)),
        realized_pnl=float(payload.get("realized_pnl", 0.0)),
        closed=bool(payload.get("closed", False)),
        exit_leg_ratios=tuple(float(r) for r in payload.get("exit_leg_ratios", (1.0,))),
        active_leg_index=int(payload.get("active_leg_index", 0)),
        active_exit_order=_order_from_payload(payload.get("active_exit_order"), trade_id=str(payload.get("trade_id", ""))),
        active_entry_order=_order_from_payload(payload.get("active_entry_order"), trade_id=str(payload.get("trade_id", ""))),
        fsm_state=_safe_enum(TradeStage, str(payload.get("fsm_state", TradeStage.IDLE.value)), TradeStage.IDLE),
        close_reason=str(payload.get("close_reason", "")),
        last_event_time=datetime.fromisoformat(payload["last_event_time"]) if payload.get("last_event_time") else None,
        seen_event_ids=tuple(str(event_id) for event_id in payload.get("seen_event_ids", ())),
        metadata=dict(payload.get("metadata", {})),
    )


def _first_invalid_intent_field(intent: KernelIntent) -> Optional[tuple[str, float]]:
    """Return (field, value) for the first non-finite or out-of-bounds numeric
    field on an intent, or None if all are sane. Guards the kernel boundary
    against inf/NaN that would otherwise crash serde_json serialization."""
    scalar_checks = (
        ("target_size", float(intent.target_size if intent.target_size is not None else 0.0)),
        ("reference_price", float(intent.reference_price if intent.reference_price is not None else 0.0)),
        ("leverage", float(intent.leverage if intent.leverage is not None else 0.0)),
        ("limit_price", float(getattr(intent, "limit_price", 0.0) or 0.0)),
    )
    for name, value in scalar_checks:
        if not math.isfinite(value):
            return (name, value)
    for idx, ratio in enumerate(intent.exit_leg_ratios or ()):  # type: ignore[union-attr]
        rv = float(ratio if ratio is not None else 0.0)
        if not math.isfinite(rv):
            return (f"exit_leg_ratios[{idx}]", rv)
    size = float(intent.target_size if intent.target_size is not None else 0.0)
    if size < 0.0:
        return ("target_size", size)
    return None


def _utc_isoformat(ts: Any) -> str:
    """Return an RFC3339 timestamp string with UTC offset (+00:00).

    Rust's chrono::DateTime<Utc> serde deserializer requires a timezone-aware
    string. A naive datetime (no tzinfo) produces e.g. '2026-06-04T14:26:55.098914'
    (26 chars) which chrono rejects with 'premature end of input at column 41'
    (14-char JSON key prefix + 26-char value + closing quote = column 41).
    """
    from datetime import timezone as _tz
    if hasattr(ts, "tzinfo"):
        if ts.tzinfo is None:
            ts = ts.replace(tzinfo=_tz.utc)
        return ts.isoformat()
    return str(ts)


def _intent_to_payload(intent: KernelIntent) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    return {
        "timestamp": _utc_isoformat(intent.timestamp),
        "intent_id": intent.intent_id,
        "trade_id": intent.trade_id,
        "slot_id": intent.slot_id,
        "asset": intent.asset,
        "side": intent.side.value,
        "action": intent.action.value,
        "reference_price": float(intent.reference_price or 0.0),
        "target_size": float(intent.target_size or 0.0),
        "leverage": float(intent.leverage or 0.0),
        "exit_leg_ratios": list(intent.exit_leg_ratios),
        "reason": intent.reason,
        "metadata": dict(intent.metadata),
        "stage": intent.stage.value,
        "order_type": getattr(intent, "order_type", "MARKET"),
        "limit_price": float(getattr(intent, "limit_price", 0.0) or 0.0),
    }


def _event_to_payload(event: VenueEvent) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    return {
        "timestamp": event.timestamp.isoformat() if hasattr(event.timestamp, "isoformat") else str(event.timestamp),
        "event_id": event.event_id,
        "trade_id": event.trade_id,
        "slot_id": event.slot_id,
        "kind": event.kind.value,
        "status": event.status.value,
        "venue_order_id": event.venue_order_id,
        "venue_client_id": event.venue_client_id,
        "side": event.side.value,
        "asset": event.asset,
        "price": float(event.price or 0.0),
        "size": float(event.size or 0.0),
        "filled_size": float(event.filled_size or 0.0),
        "remaining_size": float(event.remaining_size or 0.0),
        "reason": event.reason,
        "raw_payload": dict(event.raw_payload),
        "metadata": dict(event.metadata),
    }


def _transition_from_payload(payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> KernelTransition:
    return KernelTransition(
        timestamp=datetime.fromisoformat(payload["timestamp"]),
        trade_id=str(payload.get("trade_id", "")),
        slot_id=int(payload.get("slot_id", 0)),
        prev_state=_safe_enum(TradeStage, str(payload.get("prev_state", TradeStage.IDLE.value)), TradeStage.IDLE),
        next_state=_safe_enum(TradeStage, str(payload.get("next_state", TradeStage.IDLE.value)), TradeStage.IDLE),
        trigger=str(payload.get("trigger", "")),
        intent_id=str(payload.get("intent_id", "")),
        event_id=str(payload.get("event_id", "")),
        control_mode=str(payload.get("control_mode", "")),
        control_verbosity=str(payload.get("control_verbosity", "")),
        details=dict(payload.get("details", {})),
    )


def _outcome_from_payload(payload: Dict[str, Any]) -> KernelOutcome:
    return KernelOutcome(
        accepted=bool(payload.get("accepted", False)),
        slot_id=int(payload.get("slot_id", 0)),
        trade_id=str(payload.get("trade_id", "")),
        state=_safe_enum(TradeStage, str(payload.get("state", TradeStage.IDLE.value)), TradeStage.IDLE),
        diagnostic_code=KernelDiagnosticCode(str(payload.get("diagnostic_code", KernelDiagnosticCode.OK.value))),
        severity=KernelSeverity(str(payload.get("severity", KernelSeverity.INFO.value))),
        transitions=tuple(_transition_from_payload(row) for row in payload.get("transitions", [])),
        emitted_events=tuple(
            VenueEvent(
                timestamp=datetime.fromisoformat(row["timestamp"]),
                event_id=str(row.get("event_id", "")),
                trade_id=str(row.get("trade_id", "")),
                slot_id=int(row.get("slot_id", 0)),
                kind=KernelEventKind(str(row.get("kind", KernelEventKind.ORDER_ACK.value))),
                status=VenueEventStatus(str(row.get("status", VenueEventStatus.ACKED.value))),
                venue_order_id=str(row.get("venue_order_id", "")),
                venue_client_id=str(row.get("venue_client_id", "")),
                side=TradeSide(str(row.get("side", TradeSide.FLAT.value))),
                asset=str(row.get("asset", "")),
                price=float(row.get("price", 0.0)),
                size=float(row.get("size", 0.0)),
                filled_size=float(row.get("filled_size", 0.0)),
                remaining_size=float(row.get("remaining_size", 0.0)),
                reason=str(row.get("reason", "")),
                raw_payload=dict(row.get("raw_payload", {})),
                metadata=dict(row.get("metadata", {})),
            )
            for row in payload.get("emitted_events", [])
        ),
        details=dict(payload.get("details", {})),
    )


def _enum_text(value: Any) -> str:
    if hasattr(value, "value"):
        return str(getattr(value, "value"))
    return str(value)


class KernelSlotView:
    """Write-through view over a Rust-backed slot."""

    def __init__(self, kernel: "ExecutionKernel", slot_id: int) -> None:
        object.__setattr__(self, "_kernel", kernel)
        object.__setattr__(self, "_slot_id", int(slot_id))

    @property
    def slot_id(self) -> int:
        return object.__getattribute__(self, "_slot_id")

    def _snapshot(self) -> TradeSlot:
        return self._kernel._get_slot(self.slot_id)

    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
        slot = self._snapshot()
        if hasattr(slot, name):
            return getattr(slot, name)
        raise AttributeError(name)

    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: Any) -> None:
        if name in {"_kernel", "_slot_id"}:
            object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
            return
        slot = self._snapshot()
        if not hasattr(slot, name):
            raise AttributeError(name)
        setattr(slot, name, value)
        self._kernel._set_slot(slot)

    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return self._snapshot().to_dict()

    def is_free(self) -> bool:
        return self._snapshot().is_free()

    def is_open(self) -> bool:
        return self._snapshot().is_open()

    def mark_price(self, price: float) -> None:
        slot = self._snapshot()
        slot.mark_price(price)
        self._kernel._set_slot(slot)

    def next_exit_ratio(self) -> float:
        return self._snapshot().next_exit_ratio()

    def consume_exit_leg(self) -> float:
        slot = self._snapshot()
        ratio = slot.consume_exit_leg()
        self._kernel._set_slot(slot)
        return ratio

    def attach_entry_order(self, order: VenueOrder) -> None:
        slot = self._snapshot()
        slot.active_entry_order = order
        self._kernel._set_slot(slot)

    def attach_exit_order(self, order: VenueOrder) -> None:
        slot = self._snapshot()
        slot.active_exit_order = order
        self._kernel._set_slot(slot)

    def __repr__(self) -> str:  # pragma: no cover - debugging helper
        return f"KernelSlotView(slot_id={self.slot_id}, state={self._snapshot().fsm_state.value})"


class KernelStateView:
    def __init__(self, kernel: "ExecutionKernel") -> None:
        self._kernel = kernel
        self.slots = [KernelSlotView(kernel, slot_id) for slot_id in range(kernel.max_slots)]
        self.active_trade_index: Dict[str, int] = {}
        self.venue_order_index: Dict[str, int] = {}
        self.client_order_index: Dict[str, int] = {}
        self.refresh()

    def refresh(self) -> None:
        snapshot = self._kernel._snapshot_backend()
        self.active_trade_index = dict(snapshot.get("active_trade_index", {}))
        self.venue_order_index = dict(snapshot.get("venue_order_index", {}))
        self.client_order_index = dict(snapshot.get("client_order_index", {}))


class ExecutionKernel:
    """Rust-backed multi-slot execution kernel."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        max_slots: int = 10,
        control_plane: Optional[ControlPlane] = None,
        venue: Optional[VenueAdapter] = None,
        journal: Optional[KernelJournal] = None,
        account: Optional[AccountProjection] = None,
        projection: Optional[HazelcastProjection] = None,
        projection_client: Optional[Any] = None,
        zinc_plane: Optional[ZincPlane] = None,
    ) -> None:
        self.max_slots = int(max_slots)
        self.control_plane = control_plane or build_control_plane()
        self.venue = venue or MockVenueAdapter()
        self.journal = journal or MemoryKernelJournal()
        self.account = account or AccountProjection()
        self.projection = projection or build_projection(client=projection_client)
        self.zinc_plane = zinc_plane or InMemoryZincPlane()
        self._backend = _get_rust().create(self.max_slots)
        self._control_snapshot = self.control_plane.read()
        self._last_settled_pnl: Dict[int, float] = {}
        self.projection.write_control(self._control_snapshot)
        self.zinc_plane.update_control(self._control_snapshot)
        self.state = KernelStateView(self)
        self.account.observe_slots([self._get_slot(slot_id) for slot_id in range(self.max_slots)])
        # I14: restore any non-idle slot state that survived in Zinc across
        # a restart.  A fresh kernel has all slots IDLE; if Zinc holds slots
        # from a prior session the kernel must re-anchor them so the FSM
        # correctly reflects open/working positions on re-entry.
        _zinc_live = [s for s in self.zinc_plane.read_slots() if not s.is_free()]
        if _zinc_live:
            self.reconcile_from_slots(_zinc_live)

    def close(self) -> None:
        """Release the Rust kernel handle deterministically (O10).

        Safe to call multiple times.  After close(), all FFI methods will
        raise RuntimeError — the kernel is no longer usable.
        """
        backend = self._backend
        if backend is not None:
            self._backend = None  # prevent double-free via __del__
            try:
                _get_rust().destroy(backend)
            except Exception:
                pass

    def __enter__(self) -> "ExecutionKernel":
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *_: object) -> None:
        self.close()

    def __del__(self) -> None:  # pragma: no cover - backup for non-with use
        self.close()

    @property
    def control(self) -> KernelControlSnapshot:
        return self.control_plane.read()

    def update_control(self, update: ControlUpdate) -> KernelControlSnapshot:
        snapshot = self.control_plane.update(update)
        self._control_snapshot = snapshot
        self.projection.write_control(snapshot)
        self.zinc_plane.update_control(snapshot)
        return snapshot

    def _snapshot_backend(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return _get_rust().snapshot(self._backend)

    def _get_slot(self, slot_id: int) -> TradeSlot:
        return _slot_from_payload(_get_rust().get_slot_json(self._backend, slot_id))

    def _set_slot(self, slot: TradeSlot, *, journal: bool = False) -> None:
        payload = _slot_to_payload(slot)
        _get_rust().set_slot_json(self._backend, slot.slot_id, payload)
        self.state.refresh()
        slots = [self._get_slot(slot_id) for slot_id in range(self.max_slots)]
        self.account.observe_slots(slots)
        current = self._get_slot(slot.slot_id)
        self.projection.write_slot(current)
        self.zinc_plane.write_slot(current)

    def slot(self, slot_id: int) -> KernelSlotView:
        if not (0 <= int(slot_id) < self.max_slots):
            raise IndexError(slot_id)
        return self.state.slots[int(slot_id)]

    def free_slot(self) -> Optional[KernelSlotView]:
        for slot in self.state.slots:
            if slot.is_free():
                return slot
        return None

    def _record_transitions(self, transitions: Iterable[KernelTransition], slot: TradeSlot, event: Optional[VenueEvent]) -> None:
        if self.control.debug_clickhouse_enabled:
            for transition in transitions:
                self.journal.record_transition(
                    transition=transition,
                    slot=slot,
                    event=event,
                    control=self.control,
                )

    def process_intent(self, intent: KernelIntent) -> KernelOutcome:
        self.zinc_plane.publish_intent(intent)
        if not (0 <= int(intent.slot_id) < self.max_slots):
            return KernelOutcome(
                accepted=False,
                slot_id=int(intent.slot_id),
                trade_id=intent.trade_id,
                state=TradeStage.IDLE,
                diagnostic_code=KernelDiagnosticCode.INVALID_SLOT_ID,
                details={"reason": "INVALID_SLOT_ID", "slot_id": int(intent.slot_id), "intent_id": intent.intent_id},
            )
        # Finiteness / sanity guard at the kernel boundary. A non-finite (inf/NaN)
        # numeric field would make the Rust core's serde_json serialization return
        # a null string (panic). Reject cleanly with INVALID_INTENT instead, naming
        # the offending field + value so the upstream numerical source can be located.
        bad_field = _first_invalid_intent_field(intent)
        if bad_field is not None:
            name, value = bad_field
            return KernelOutcome(
                accepted=False,
                slot_id=int(intent.slot_id),
                trade_id=intent.trade_id,
                state=self._get_slot(int(intent.slot_id)).fsm_state,
                diagnostic_code=KernelDiagnosticCode.INVALID_INTENT,
                severity=KernelSeverity.WARNING,
                details={
                    "reason": "INVALID_INTENT",
                    "field": name,
                    "value": str(value),
                    "intent_id": intent.intent_id,
                    "action": intent.action.value,
                    "asset": intent.asset,
                },
            )
        payload = _intent_to_payload(intent)
        result = _get_rust().process_intent(
            self._backend,
            payload,
            mode=_enum_text(self.control.mode),
            verbosity=_enum_text(self.control.verbosity),
        )
        outcome = _outcome_from_payload(result["outcome"])
        self.state.refresh()
        if intent.action == KernelCommandType.ENTER and outcome.accepted:
            self._last_settled_pnl[intent.slot_id] = 0.0
        emitted_events = []
        all_venue_transitions: List[KernelTransition] = []
        if outcome.accepted and intent.action in {KernelCommandType.ENTER, KernelCommandType.EXIT}:
            emitted_events = self.venue.submit(intent)
            for event in emitted_events:
                evt_outcome = self.on_venue_event(event)
                all_venue_transitions.extend(evt_outcome.transitions)
        elif intent.action == KernelCommandType.CANCEL:
            slot_view = self.slot(intent.slot_id)
            if slot_view.active_exit_order is not None:
                emitted_events = self.venue.cancel(slot_view.active_exit_order, reason=intent.reason)
            elif slot_view.active_entry_order is not None and slot_view.fsm_state in {
                TradeStage.ENTRY_WORKING,
                TradeStage.ORDER_REQUESTED,
                TradeStage.ORDER_SENT,
                TradeStage.IDLE,
            }:
                emitted_events = self.venue.cancel(slot_view.active_entry_order, reason=intent.reason)
            else:
                emitted_events = []
            for event in emitted_events:
                evt_outcome = self.on_venue_event(event)
                all_venue_transitions.extend(evt_outcome.transitions)

        final_slot = self._get_slot(outcome.slot_id)
        rate_limit_event = next((event for event in emitted_events if event.kind == KernelEventKind.RATE_LIMITED), None)
        if rate_limit_event is not None:
            rate_limit_details = dict(outcome.details)
            rate_limit_details.update(
                {
                    "reason": rate_limit_event.reason or "RATE_LIMITED",
                    "retry_after_ms": int(rate_limit_event.metadata.get("retry_after_ms", 0) or 0),
                    "venue_event_kind": rate_limit_event.kind.value,
                    "severity": KernelSeverity.WARNING.value,
                    "release_eta": "few minutes",
                    "retryable": True,
                }
            )
            outcome = KernelOutcome(
                accepted=False,
                slot_id=outcome.slot_id,
                trade_id=outcome.trade_id,
                state=final_slot.fsm_state,
                diagnostic_code=KernelDiagnosticCode.RATE_LIMITED,
                severity=KernelSeverity.WARNING,
                transitions=outcome.transitions,
                emitted_events=outcome.emitted_events,
                details=rate_limit_details,
            )
        all_transitions = list(outcome.transitions) + all_venue_transitions
        final_outcome = KernelOutcome(
            accepted=outcome.accepted,
            slot_id=outcome.slot_id,
            trade_id=final_slot.trade_id,
            state=final_slot.fsm_state,
            diagnostic_code=outcome.diagnostic_code,
            transitions=tuple(all_transitions),
            emitted_events=tuple(emitted_events),
            details=dict(outcome.details),
        )
        slots = [self._get_slot(i) for i in range(self.max_slots)]
        self.account.observe_slots(slots)
        current = self._get_slot(final_slot.slot_id)
        self.projection.write_slot(current)
        self.zinc_plane.write_slot(current)
        self._record_transitions(outcome.transitions, final_slot, None)
        return final_outcome

    def on_venue_event(self, event: VenueEvent) -> KernelOutcome:
        result = _get_rust().on_venue_event(
            self._backend,
            _event_to_payload(event),
            mode=_enum_text(self.control.mode),
            verbosity=_enum_text(self.control.verbosity),
        )
        outcome = _outcome_from_payload(result["outcome"])
        # An INVALID_* fallback result carries a null slot; fall back to the
        # kernel's current slot so settlement/bookkeeping stays consistent.
        slot_payload = result.get("slot")
        slot = _slot_from_payload(slot_payload) if slot_payload else self._get_slot(int(outcome.slot_id))
        self.state.refresh()
        incremental_pnl = slot.realized_pnl - self._last_settled_pnl.get(slot.slot_id, 0.0)
        if abs(incremental_pnl) > 1e-12:
            self.account.settle(incremental_pnl)
            self._last_settled_pnl[slot.slot_id] = slot.realized_pnl
        slots = [self._get_slot(i) for i in range(self.max_slots)]
        self.account.observe_slots(slots)
        current = self._get_slot(slot.slot_id)
        self.projection.write_slot(current)
        self.zinc_plane.write_slot(current)
        self._record_transitions(outcome.transitions, slot, event)
        return outcome

    def mark_price(self, asset: str, price: float) -> None:
        for slot in self.state.slots:
            if slot.asset == asset and slot.is_open():
                slot.mark_price(price)
        self.account.observe_slots([self._get_slot(i) for i in range(self.max_slots)])

    def reconcile_from_slots(self, slots: Sequence[TradeSlot]) -> KernelOutcome:
        payload = [_slot_to_payload(slot) for slot in slots]
        result = _get_rust().reconcile_slots(
            self._backend,
            payload,
            mode=_enum_text(self.control.mode),
            verbosity=_enum_text(self.control.verbosity),
        )
        outcome = _outcome_from_payload(result["outcome"])
        if not outcome.accepted:
            return outcome
        self.state.refresh()
        slots = [self._get_slot(i) for i in range(self.max_slots)]
        self.account.observe_slots(slots)
        for current in slots:
            self.projection.write_slot(current)
            self.zinc_plane.write_slot(current)
        return outcome

    def set_seed_capital(self, seed: float) -> None:
        """Set the kernel's seed capital for K-value fold.  Call once at init."""
        _get_rust().set_seed_capital(self._backend, float(seed))

    def set_exchange_config(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
        """
        Load the exchange fee schedule into the kernel's fee prediction model.

        config keys (all optional — unset keys keep defaults):
          taker_rate            float  fraction  (0.0005 = 0.05%)
          maker_rate            float  fraction  (0.0002 = 0.02%)
          lot_step              float  quantity increment
          tick_size             float  price increment
          funding_interval_secs int    seconds between funding payments (28800 = 8 h)

        After this call the kernel can predict fees at fill time so K-capital
        tracks E-wallet without waiting for the WS FILL_SETTLED event.
        """
        _get_rust().set_exchange_config(self._backend, config)

    def calibrate_fee(
        self,
        fill_price: float,
        fill_qty: float,
        actual_fee: float,
        is_maker: bool = False,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Validate the fee model against one known fill.

        Returns:
          expected_fee          model prediction before calibration
          actual_fee            exchange-reported value
          ratio                 actual / expected
          deviation_pct         |ratio - 1| × 100
          calibration_status    "OK" (<1%) / "WARN" (<5%) / "ERROR" (≥5%)
          calibration_ratio     updated EMA of actual/expected ratio
          calibration_samples   fills seen so far

        Call once on startup with a recent fill from account history before
        enabling live trading.  If status == ERROR, the fee model needs manual
        review before K-capital figures can be trusted.
        """
        return _get_rust().calibrate_fee(self._backend, float(fill_price), float(fill_qty), float(actual_fee), bool(is_maker))

    def on_account_event(self, event: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """
        Apply an account-level exchange event atomically to the kernel.

        event dict must have "kind" in {"FILL_SETTLED","ACCOUNT_UPDATE","FUNDING_FEE"}
        plus the relevant numeric fields (see Rust FFI doc).

        Returns the resulting account state dict including reconcile_status,
        available_capital (E rules when present), k_capital, event_seq,
        capital_frozen (bool), duplicate_event (bool if deduplicated).
        """
        return _get_rust().on_account_event(self._backend, event)

    # ------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Snapshot / restore — session-to-session state continuity
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------

    def save_state(self) -> str:
        """Serialise the full kernel state (slots + account + fee calibration) to JSON.

        The returned string is opaque — pass it verbatim to restore_state() on the
        next session start to resume without losing fee calibration or slot state.
        """
        return _get_rust().save_state(self._backend)

    def restore_state(self, json_str: str) -> bool:
        """Restore kernel from a previously saved state JSON blob.

        Returns True on success.  Returns False (and leaves state unchanged) on:
        - schema version mismatch
        - slot count mismatch
        - parse error
        - non-finite capital

        Safe to call on a fresh kernel (e.g. after startup) before any trades.
        """
        return _get_rust().restore_state(self._backend, json_str)

    def is_capital_frozen(self) -> bool:
        """Return True if the kernel's capital is frozen (reconcile ERROR active).

        When frozen, process_intent will reject all ENTER intents with CAPITAL_FROZEN
        until the next ACCOUNT_UPDATE that brings reconcile to OK.
        """
        return _get_rust().is_capital_frozen(self._backend)

    def snapshot(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        # Merge kernel Rust snapshot (includes AccountState) with Python state.
        rust_snap = _get_rust().snapshot(self._backend)
        rust_account = rust_snap.get("account", {})
        return {
            "control": self.control.as_dict(),
            "slots": [self._get_slot(slot.slot_id).to_dict() for slot in self.state.slots],
            "account": {
                # Legacy fields (Python AccountProjection) — backward compat
                "capital": self.account.snapshot.capital,
                "equity": self.account.snapshot.equity,
                "realized_pnl": self.account.snapshot.realized_pnl,
                "unrealized_pnl": self.account.snapshot.unrealized_pnl,
                "open_positions": self.account.snapshot.open_positions,
                "open_notional": self.account.snapshot.open_notional,
                "leverage": self.account.snapshot.leverage,
                # V2 — kernel atomic K/E account (E rules; K is parallel check)
                "k_capital": rust_account.get("k_capital", self.account.snapshot.capital),
                "k_realized_pnl": rust_account.get("k_realized_pnl", self.account.snapshot.realized_pnl),
                "k_fees_paid": rust_account.get("k_fees_paid", self.account.snapshot.fees_paid),
                "k_funding_net": rust_account.get("k_funding_net", 0.0),
                "e_wallet_balance": rust_account.get("e_wallet_balance", 0.0),
                "e_available_margin": rust_account.get("e_available_margin", 0.0),
                "e_used_margin": rust_account.get("e_used_margin", 0.0),
                "e_maint_margin": rust_account.get("e_maint_margin", 0.0),
                # available_capital: E rules when present, K as fallback
                "available_capital": rust_account.get("available_capital", self.account.snapshot.capital),
                "reconcile_status": rust_account.get("reconcile_status", "OK"),
                "reconcile_delta": rust_account.get("reconcile_delta", 0.0),
                "reconcile_explanation": rust_account.get("reconcile_explanation", ""),
                "event_seq": rust_account.get("event_seq", 0),
            },
        }